Format strings contain “replacement fields” surrounded by curly braces {}. Anything that is not contained in braces is considered literal text, which is copied unchanged to the output. If you need to include a brace character in the literal text, it can be escaped by doubling: {{ and }}.
Return a copy of the string with its first character capitalized and the rest lowercased.
Return a copy of s, but with upper case letters converted to lower case.
Return a copy of s, but with lower case letters converted to upper case.
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing characters removed. If chars is omitted or None, whitespace.
Return a copy of the string with leading characters removed. If chars is omitted or None, whitespace characters are removed. If given and not None, chars must be a string; the characters in the string will be stripped from the beginning of the string this method is called on.
Return a copy of the string with trailing characters removed. If chars is omitted or None, whitespace characters are removed. If given and not None, chars must be a string; the characters in the string will be stripped from the end of the string this method is called on.
Left-justify a string in a field of given width. Return a string that is at least width characters wide, created by padding the string s with the character fillchar (default is a space) until the given width on the right side. The string is never truncated.
Right-justify a string in a field of given width. Return a string that is at least width characters wide, created by padding the string s with the character fillchar (default is a space) until the given width on the left side. The string is never truncated.
Center a string in a field of given width. Return a string that is at least width characters wide, created by padding the string s with the character fillchar (default is a space) until the given width on both sides. The string is never truncated.
Replace special characters in string using the %xx escape. Letters, digits, and the characters '_.-' are never quoted. By default, this function is intended for quoting the path section of the URL. The optional safe parameter specifies additional characters that should not be quoted — its default value is '/'.
Replace %xx escapes by their single-character equivalent.